A SURVEY OF PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SIGNALS

  In Radio waves, the digital data can be transmitted using Burst number of data using OFDM technique. So only an OFDM Technique is called attractive modulation techniques. In this OFDM signal transmission having so many disadvantages, one of the main disadvantages is a Peak average power which is due to combination of sinusoidal leads to high peak-to power ratio (PAPR).Due to High PAPR, which leads to poor (i.e) degrades the signal performance of power amplifier in transmission, this PAPR can be reduce using some of the following technique like, there are Clipping, Coding, Partial transmit sequence (PTS), Sequential Mapping(SM), Tone reservation (TR), Tone injection (TI), Interleaving, Nonlinear companding transform, & Hadamard transform etc.Various technique are available to reduce the Peak power and discuss detail about the merits and demerits .Â

Revisiting the empirical existence of the Phillips Curve for India

This paper revisits the empirical existence of the Phillips curve in the Indian context. To estimate the Phillips curve we need two variables – inflation and the output gap. In the case of India, incorrect measurement of both variables causes much difficulty in estimating the Phillipscurve. We use a non-linear Kalman filter approach to estimate the output gap and find that the Kalman filter estimate captures all the dynamics of the economy. Our results show that after taking supply shocks into consideration, there is clear evidence as to the existence of the Phillips curve in India for recent years.Kalman Filter; Output Gap; Inflation

DEVELOPMENT OF ASSAY METHOD AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY OF VALSARTAN AND SACUBITRIL BY RP-HPLC IN TABLET FORMULATION

Objective: A stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of combined tablet formulation of valsartan and sacubitril.Methods: Chromatographic separation was optimized by gradient HPLC on a C18 column [Xterra, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ] utilizing a mobile phase consisting acetonitrile, methanol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 3.8 in the ratio of 30: 50:20 v/v at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with UV detection at 263 nm.Results: The retention time of sacubitril and valsartan was 3.01 min and 4.22 min respectively. Good linearity obtained over the range of 20μg/ml to 160μg/ml for valsartan and sacubitril. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999and0.998 for sacubitril and valsartan respectively. The % RSD of precision for sacubitril and valsartan was found to be 0.31 and 0.27 respectively. The % mean recovery was found to be 99.20-99.54% for valsartan and 99.85-100.90% for sacubitril. The results obtained for accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and ruggedness were within limits.Conclusion: The proposed HPLC method was found to be simple, specific, precise, accurate, rapid and economical for simultaneous estimation of valsartan and sacubitril in bulk and tablet dosage form. Thus the validated economical method was applied for forced degradation study of valsartan and sacubitril tablet

CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES OF LEAF ASSISTED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARICA PAPAYA: A GREEN SYNTHETIC APPROACH

Objective: The aim of this study is to synthesis silver nanoparticles using Carica papaya leaf extracts and testing its antibacterial activity.Methods: Silver nanoparticles (Agnps) were prepared by treating Carica papaya leaf extracts with 1 mm silver nitrate (AgNO3). The bioreduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the size and shape of the silver nanoparticles were obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method.Results: From the UV spectrum, it was observed that the peak at 430 nm showing the reduction of silver ions to stable silver nanoparticles. The size of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was in the range of 10-50 nm obtained from TEM image. FTIR measurements provided the bands at different wave numbers, indicating the stretching of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters and ethers. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited an excellent bactericidal activity against bacterial strains like Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using papaya leaf extract exhibited effective antibacterial property.Â

Art and craft of episiotomy

Background: Episiotomy is the most common obstetric surgical procedure performed in labor room. Mediolateral and Midline episiotomies are the most common types. Post-delivery suture angle is the most important determinant factor which predicts the risk of anal sphincter injuries. Mediolateral episiotomy has a significantly lower risk of OASIS rate when compared to midline episiotomies. Aim of the study was to know whether mediolateral episiotomies are actually mediolateral and does the angle of episiotomy influences the risk of anal sphincter injuries, maternal/fetal complications in the perinatal period.Methods: An observational study was conducted on 250 postpartum patients admitted to our hospital. Details of episiotomy in relation to incision angle, length, depth and post suturing angle were noted within two days of delivery.Results: Among the subjects included there were 40.8 % incisions were RMLE, average length was 3.32cms, average suture angle is 28.69 degree. OASIS was seen in 19.5% cases more so with midline episiotomies.Conclusions: Episiotomy is an essential, must to know skill. Compulsory ssupervised clinical teaching and use of skill lab training can prevent potential detrimental consequences

Influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth and biochemical constituents of Marsdenia volubilis

A field experiment was carried out to find out the effect of biofertilizers, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) individually and in combination on growth and physiological attributing properties of Marsdenia volubilis plant under nursery conditions. The plant seedlings were harvested at various intervals: 30, 60 and 120 days after transplantation. The inoculation of microbial cultures VAM and PSB resulted in enhancement of growth parameters like plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root, leaves/plant, leaf area/plant , chlorophyll content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, lipid and protein contents in root and shoot samples. These parameters were maximum with dual inoculation than individually. The results emphasize the importance of microbial biofertilizers inoculations for rapid growth of seedlings of plant (M. volubilis) in nurseries and illustrate the advantage of inoculating soils of low microbial population with indigenous microbes.Keywords: Biofertilizers, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB), Marsdenia volubilis, growth and biochemical parameters.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(38), pp. 5648-565

Clinico pathological analysis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: 1. To analyse various factors associated with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. 2. To study the various clinical presentation, ideal investigations and management and its impact on outcome of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. SETTING: Medical oncology Department Institute of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Egmore Chennai – 600 008. STUDY DESIGN: Analytical Study. PERIOD: One and half years. ETHICAL CLEARANCE: Ethical clearance obtained. SAMPLE: Patients Diagnosed and treated for epithelial ovarian carcinoma at IOG for a period of one and a half years (June 2012 – Dec 2013). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of patients who underwent therapy for epithelial ovarian carcinoma at IOG Egmore from June 2012 to Dec 2013 were conducted. Patients were examined for demographic details, presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic modalities complications, Data was analyzed. Test of significance – Pearson Chi square test. 89 patients diagnosed as epithelial ovarian carcinoma were included in the study. Demographic details were collected. Detailed history and examination was done. Serum CA 125 was done. Histopathology (surgery or ascitic fluid analysis) report 2obtained. Type of surgery and chemotherapy given was analysed. Maximum number of patients were between age group 41 and 50 years. Mean age of presentation was at 50 years. Most of the women presented with complaints of distension and pain abdomen and gastrointestinal symptoms. Serum CA 125 level was raised in most of cases of epithelial ovarian cancer other than mucinous. CA 125 level was normal in most of the early stage carcinoma. SUMMARY: 1. 89 women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were selected for the study. 2. Recurrent cases of epithelial ovarian malignancy were excluded. 3. 62.9% of patients were between 41 and 60 years. Maximum number of patients were between 41 and 50 years. Mean age of occurrence of epithelial ovarian malignancy in our study was 50 years. 4. Minimum age at which epithelial ovarian carcinoma occurred in our study was at 22 years. 5. Presenting complaints of the patients were collected 6. Serum CA 125 level at presentation was collected. 7. Type of carcinoma was evaluated by either histopathological examination or ascitic fluid analysis. 8. Type of surgery and chemotherapy given was analysed. 9. Association between serum CA 125 and histopathology was tested by pearson Chi square test. There was significant association between CA 125 and histopathology. In mucinous carcinoma CA 125 levels were low. 10. Association between serum CA 125 and stage of the disease was tested by pearson Chi square test. There was significant association between CA 125 and stage of the disease

Some hematological and biochemical parameters in smokeless tobacco (Jharda) chewers

The effect of Jharda powder (smokeless tobacco) on some hematological and biochemical parameters in consumers was investigated. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin content and white blood cell and leukocyte counts were higher in jharda powder consumers, while monocytes and basophiles counts were lower. Higher biochemical parameters like serum cholesterol, glucose and protein were observed in blood samples of Jharda consumers